| Area | What the Law Requires | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| Health | Cleanliness, ventilation, lighting, sanitation | Prevent disease & fatigue |
| Safety | Machine guarding, fire safety, training, PPE | Prevent accidents |
| Welfare | Drinking water, restrooms, canteen, first aid | Worker dignity |
| Hours | 48 hrs/week, overtime limits, weekly off | Prevent exploitation |
| Records | Registers, inspections, accident logs | Legal proof |
| Registration | Licence before operations | Legal authorization |
| Liability | Occupier responsible | Clear accountability |
Penalties for Non-Compliance (Section 92) – Quick View
Under Section 92 of the Factories Act, if a factory violates provisions relating to safety, health, or welfare, penalties can include imprisonment and/or fines (and can escalate for continuing or repeated violations).
| Situation (practical) | What it can lead to |
|---|---|
| General non-compliance (safety/health/welfare) | Imprisonment up to 2 years and/or fine up to ₹1 lakh (with escalation as applicable) |
| Continuing offence after conviction | Additional fine per day (as applicable) |
| Serious accidents, death, or major injury | Higher scrutiny and tougher action under amended provisions and allied laws |
| Repeat patterns of neglect | Enhanced punishment + reputational and operational risk (suspension/closure scenarios in extreme cases) |
